zstd should reuse ctx to avoid huge mmap cost (#941)

Cargo.lock

@@ -23,6 +23,12 @@ version = "1.0.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "f26201604c87b1e01bd3d98f8d5d9a8fcbb815e8cedb41ffccbeb4bf593a35fe"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "adler2"
+version = "2.0.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "512761e0bb2578dd7380c6baaa0f4ce03e84f95e960231d1dec8bf4d7d6e2627"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "aead"
 version = "0.5.2"
@@ -196,6 +202,15 @@ dependencies = [
  "num-traits",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "arbitrary"
+version = "1.4.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "dde20b3d026af13f561bdd0f15edf01fc734f0dafcedbaf42bba506a9517f223"
+dependencies = [
+ "derive_arbitrary",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "arboard"
 version = "3.4.0"
@@ -229,7 +244,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "base64ct",
  "blake2",
  "cpufeatures",
- "password-hash 0.5.0",
+ "password-hash",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -274,8 +289,8 @@ dependencies = [
  "memchr",
  "pin-project-lite",
  "tokio",
- "zstd 0.13.2",
+ "zstd",
- "zstd-safe 7.2.1",
+ "zstd-safe",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -632,7 +647,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "cc",
  "cfg-if",
  "libc",
- "miniz_oxide",
+ "miniz_oxide 0.7.4",
  "object",
  "rustc-demangle",
 ]
@@ -853,9 +868,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "bumpalo"
-version = "3.16.0"
+version = "3.17.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "79296716171880943b8470b5f8d03aa55eb2e645a4874bdbb28adb49162e012c"
+checksum = "1628fb46dfa0b37568d12e5edd512553eccf6a22a78e8bde00bb4aed84d5bdbf"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "bytecheck"
@@ -924,22 +939,20 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "bzip2"
-version = "0.4.4"
+version = "0.5.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "bdb116a6ef3f6c3698828873ad02c3014b3c85cadb88496095628e3ef1e347f8"
+checksum = "49ecfb22d906f800d4fe833b6282cf4dc1c298f5057ca0b5445e5c209735ca47"
 dependencies = [
  "bzip2-sys",
- "libc",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "bzip2-sys"
-version = "0.1.11+1.0.8"
+version = "0.1.13+1.0.8"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "736a955f3fa7875102d57c82b8cac37ec45224a07fd32d58f9f7a186b6cd4cdc"
+checksum = "225bff33b2141874fe80d71e07d6eec4f85c5c216453dd96388240f96e1acc14"
 dependencies = [
  "cc",
- "libc",
  "pkg-config",
 ]
 
@@ -1289,9 +1302,9 @@ checksum = "c2459377285ad874054d797f3ccebf984978aa39129f6eafde5cdc8315b612f8"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "constant_time_eq"
-version = "0.1.5"
+version = "0.3.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "245097e9a4535ee1e3e3931fcfcd55a796a44c643e8596ff6566d68f09b87bbc"
+checksum = "7c74b8349d32d297c9134b8c88677813a227df8f779daa29bfc29c183fe3dca6"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "conv"
@@ -1668,6 +1681,12 @@ dependencies = [
  "thiserror 1.0.63",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "deflate64"
+version = "0.1.9"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "da692b8d1080ea3045efaab14434d40468c3d8657e42abddfffca87b428f4c1b"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "defmt"
 version = "0.3.8"
@@ -1713,14 +1732,25 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "deranged"
-version = "0.3.11"
+version = "0.4.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "b42b6fa04a440b495c8b04d0e71b707c585f83cb9cb28cf8cd0d976c315e31b4"
+checksum = "9c9e6a11ca8224451684bc0d7d5a7adbf8f2fd6887261a1cfc3c0432f9d4068e"
 dependencies = [
  "powerfmt",
  "serde",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "derive_arbitrary"
+version = "1.4.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "30542c1ad912e0e3d22a1935c290e12e8a29d704a420177a31faad4a601a0800"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn 2.0.87",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "derive_builder"
 version = "0.20.2"
@@ -1916,7 +1946,6 @@ version = "2.3.1"
 dependencies = [
  "aes-gcm",
  "anyhow",
- "async-compression",
  "async-recursion",
  "async-ringbuf",
  "async-stream",
@@ -2025,6 +2054,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "winreg 0.52.0",
  "zerocopy",
  "zip",
+ "zstd",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2396,12 +2426,13 @@ checksum = "1d674e81391d1e1ab681a28d99df07927c6d4aa5b027d7da16ba32d1d21ecd99"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "flate2"
-version = "1.0.31"
+version = "1.1.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "7f211bbe8e69bbd0cfdea405084f128ae8b4aaa6b0b522fc8f2b009084797920"
+checksum = "7ced92e76e966ca2fd84c8f7aa01a4aea65b0eb6648d72f7c8f3e2764a67fece"
 dependencies = [
  "crc32fast",
- "miniz_oxide",
+ "libz-rs-sys",
+ "miniz_oxide 0.8.8",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2808,9 +2839,11 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "73fea8450eea4bac3940448fb7ae50d91f034f941199fcd9d909a5a07aa455f0"
 dependencies = [
  "cfg-if",
+ "js-sys",
  "libc",
  "r-efi",
  "wasi 0.14.2+wasi-0.2.4",
+ "wasm-bindgen",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -3941,10 +3974,11 @@ checksum = "f5d4a7da358eff58addd2877a45865158f0d78c911d43a5784ceb7bbf52833b0"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "js-sys"
-version = "0.3.70"
+version = "0.3.77"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "1868808506b929d7b0cfa8f75951347aa71bb21144b7791bae35d9bccfcfe37a"
+checksum = "1cfaf33c695fc6e08064efbc1f72ec937429614f25eef83af942d0e227c3a28f"
 dependencies = [
+ "once_cell",
  "wasm-bindgen",
 ]
 
@@ -4085,6 +4119,26 @@ dependencies = [
  "windows-targets 0.52.6",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "liblzma"
+version = "0.4.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "66352d7a8ac12d4877b6e6ea5a9b7650ee094257dc40889955bea5bc5b08c1d0"
+dependencies = [
+ "liblzma-sys",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "liblzma-sys"
+version = "0.4.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "5839bad90c3cc2e0b8c4ed8296b80e86040240f81d46b9c0e9bc8dd51ddd3af1"
+dependencies = [
+ "cc",
+ "libc",
+ "pkg-config",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "libm"
 version = "0.2.8"
@@ -4128,6 +4182,15 @@ version = "0.0.4"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "64804cc6a5042d4f05379909ba25b503ec04e2c082151d62122d5dcaa274b961"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "libz-rs-sys"
+version = "0.5.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "6489ca9bd760fe9642d7644e827b0c9add07df89857b0416ee15c1cc1a3b8c5a"
+dependencies = [
+ "zlib-rs",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "linux-raw-sys"
 version = "0.4.14"
@@ -4159,9 +4222,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "log"
-version = "0.4.22"
+version = "0.4.27"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "a7a70ba024b9dc04c27ea2f0c0548feb474ec5c54bba33a7f72f873a39d07b24"
+checksum = "13dc2df351e3202783a1fe0d44375f7295ffb4049267b0f3018346dc122a1d94"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "loom"
@@ -4343,6 +4406,15 @@ dependencies = [
  "simd-adler32",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "miniz_oxide"
+version = "0.8.8"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "3be647b768db090acb35d5ec5db2b0e1f1de11133ca123b9eacf5137868f892a"
+dependencies = [
+ "adler2",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "mio"
 version = "1.0.2"
@@ -5266,21 +5338,10 @@ checksum = "1a2a4764cc1f8d961d802af27193c6f4f0124bd0e76e8393cf818e18880f0524"
 dependencies = [
  "argon2",
  "getrandom 0.2.15",
- "password-hash 0.5.0",
+ "password-hash",
  "rand_core 0.6.4",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "password-hash"
-version = "0.4.2"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "7676374caaee8a325c9e7a2ae557f216c5563a171d6997b0ef8a65af35147700"
-dependencies = [
- "base64ct",
- "rand_core 0.6.4",
- "subtle",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "password-hash"
 version = "0.5.0"
@@ -5306,14 +5367,12 @@ checksum = "8835116a5c179084a830efb3adc117ab007512b535bc1a21c991d3b32a6b44dd"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "pbkdf2"
-version = "0.11.0"
+version = "0.12.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "83a0692ec44e4cf1ef28ca317f14f8f07da2d95ec3fa01f86e4467b725e60917"
+checksum = "f8ed6a7761f76e3b9f92dfb0a60a6a6477c61024b775147ff0973a02653abaf2"
 dependencies = [
  "digest",
  "hmac",
- "password-hash 0.4.2",
- "sha2",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -5663,7 +5722,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "crc32fast",
  "fdeflate",
  "flate2",
- "miniz_oxide",
+ "miniz_oxide 0.7.4",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -8417,9 +8476,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "time"
-version = "0.3.36"
+version = "0.3.41"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "5dfd88e563464686c916c7e46e623e520ddc6d79fa6641390f2e3fa86e83e885"
+checksum = "8a7619e19bc266e0f9c5e6686659d394bc57973859340060a69221e57dbc0c40"
 dependencies = [
  "deranged",
  "itoa 1.0.11",
@@ -8434,15 +8493,15 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "time-core"
-version = "0.1.2"
+version = "0.1.4"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "ef927ca75afb808a4d64dd374f00a2adf8d0fcff8e7b184af886c3c87ec4a3f3"
+checksum = "c9e9a38711f559d9e3ce1cdb06dd7c5b8ea546bc90052da6d06bb76da74bb07c"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "time-macros"
-version = "0.2.18"
+version = "0.2.22"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "3f252a68540fde3a3877aeea552b832b40ab9a69e318efd078774a01ddee1ccf"
+checksum = "3526739392ec93fd8b359c8e98514cb3e8e021beb4e5f597b00a0221f8ed8a49"
 dependencies = [
  "num-conv",
  "time-core",
@@ -9290,24 +9349,24 @@ checksum = "b8dad83b4f25e74f184f64c43b150b91efe7647395b42289f38e50566d82855b"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "wasm-bindgen"
-version = "0.2.93"
+version = "0.2.100"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "a82edfc16a6c469f5f44dc7b571814045d60404b55a0ee849f9bcfa2e63dd9b5"
+checksum = "1edc8929d7499fc4e8f0be2262a241556cfc54a0bea223790e71446f2aab1ef5"
 dependencies = [
  "cfg-if",
  "once_cell",
+ "rustversion",
  "wasm-bindgen-macro",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "wasm-bindgen-backend"
-version = "0.2.93"
+version = "0.2.100"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "9de396da306523044d3302746f1208fa71d7532227f15e347e2d93e4145dd77b"
+checksum = "2f0a0651a5c2bc21487bde11ee802ccaf4c51935d0d3d42a6101f98161700bc6"
 dependencies = [
  "bumpalo",
  "log",
- "once_cell",
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
  "syn 2.0.87",
@@ -9328,9 +9387,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "wasm-bindgen-macro"
-version = "0.2.93"
+version = "0.2.100"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "585c4c91a46b072c92e908d99cb1dcdf95c5218eeb6f3bf1efa991ee7a68cccf"
+checksum = "7fe63fc6d09ed3792bd0897b314f53de8e16568c2b3f7982f468c0bf9bd0b407"
 dependencies = [
  "quote",
  "wasm-bindgen-macro-support",
@@ -9338,9 +9397,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "wasm-bindgen-macro-support"
-version = "0.2.93"
+version = "0.2.100"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "afc340c74d9005395cf9dd098506f7f44e38f2b4a21c6aaacf9a105ea5e1e836"
+checksum = "8ae87ea40c9f689fc23f209965b6fb8a99ad69aeeb0231408be24920604395de"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
@@ -9351,9 +9410,12 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "wasm-bindgen-shared"
-version = "0.2.93"
+version = "0.2.100"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "c62a0a307cb4a311d3a07867860911ca130c3494e8c2719593806c08bc5d0484"
+checksum = "1a05d73b933a847d6cccdda8f838a22ff101ad9bf93e33684f39c1f5f0eece3d"
+dependencies = [
+ "unicode-ident",
+]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "wasm-streams"
@@ -10307,31 +10369,46 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "zip"
-version = "0.6.6"
+version = "4.0.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "760394e246e4c28189f19d488c058bf16f564016aefac5d32bb1f3b51d5e9261"
+checksum = "153a6fff49d264c4babdcfa6b4d534747f520e56e8f0f384f3b808c4b64cc1fd"
 dependencies = [
  "aes",
- "byteorder",
+ "arbitrary",
  "bzip2",
  "constant_time_eq",
  "crc32fast",
- "crossbeam-utils",
+ "deflate64",
  "flate2",
+ "getrandom 0.3.2",
  "hmac",
+ "indexmap 2.7.1",
+ "liblzma",
+ "memchr",
  "pbkdf2",
  "sha1",
  "time",
- "zstd 0.11.2+zstd.1.5.2",
+ "zeroize",
+ "zopfli",
+ "zstd",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
-name = "zstd"
+name = "zlib-rs"
-version = "0.11.2+zstd.1.5.2"
+version = "0.5.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "20cc960326ece64f010d2d2107537f26dc589a6573a316bd5b1dba685fa5fde4"
+checksum = "868b928d7949e09af2f6086dfc1e01936064cc7a819253bce650d4e2a2d63ba8"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "zopfli"
+version = "0.8.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "edfc5ee405f504cd4984ecc6f14d02d55cfda60fa4b689434ef4102aae150cd7"
 dependencies = [
- "zstd-safe 5.0.2+zstd.1.5.2",
+ "bumpalo",
+ "crc32fast",
+ "log",
+ "simd-adler32",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -10340,17 +10417,7 @@ version = "0.13.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "fcf2b778a664581e31e389454a7072dab1647606d44f7feea22cd5abb9c9f3f9"
 dependencies = [
- "zstd-safe 7.2.1",
+ "zstd-safe",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "zstd-safe"
-version = "5.0.2+zstd.1.5.2"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "1d2a5585e04f9eea4b2a3d1eca508c4dee9592a89ef6f450c11719da0726f4db"
-dependencies = [
- "libc",
- "zstd-sys",
 ]
 
 [[package]]

easytier/Cargo.toml

@@ -186,10 +186,7 @@ async-ringbuf = "0.3.1"
 
 service-manager = { git = "https://github.com/chipsenkbeil/service-manager-rs.git", branch = "main" }
 
-async-compression = { version = "0.4.17", default-features = false, features = [
+zstd = { version = "0.13" }
-    "zstd",
-    "tokio",
-] }
 
 kcp-sys = { git = "https://github.com/EasyTier/kcp-sys" }
 
@@ -261,7 +258,7 @@ prost-reflect-build = { version = "0.14.0" }
 
 [target.'cfg(windows)'.build-dependencies]
 reqwest = { version = "0.12.12", features = ["blocking"] }
-zip = "0.6.6"
+zip = "4.0.0"
 
 # enable thunk-rs when compiling for x86_64 or i686 windows
 [target.x86_64-pc-windows-msvc.build-dependencies]

easytier/src/common/compressor.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,10 @@
-use async_compression::tokio::write::{ZstdDecoder, ZstdEncoder};
+use std::io::{Read, Write};
-use tokio::io::AsyncWriteExt;
+
+use dashmap::DashMap;
+use std::cell::RefCell;
+use zstd::stream::read::Decoder;
+use zstd::stream::write::Encoder;
+use zstd::zstd_safe::{CCtx, DCtx};
 
 use zerocopy::{AsBytes as _, FromBytes as _};
 
@@ -29,17 +34,20 @@ impl DefaultCompressor {
         data: &[u8],
         compress_algo: CompressorAlgo,
     ) -> Result<Vec<u8>, Error> {
-        let buf = match compress_algo {
+        match compress_algo {
             CompressorAlgo::ZstdDefault => {
-                let mut o = ZstdEncoder::new(Vec::new());
+                let ret = CTX_MAP.with(|map_cell| {
-                o.write_all(data).await?;
+                    let map = map_cell.borrow();
-                o.shutdown().await?;
+                    let mut ctx_entry = map.entry(compress_algo).or_default();
-                o.into_inner()
+                    let writer = Vec::new();
+                    let mut o = Encoder::with_context(writer, ctx_entry.value_mut());
+                    o.write_all(data)?;
+                    o.finish()
+                });
+                Ok(ret?)
             }
-            CompressorAlgo::None => data.to_vec(),
+            CompressorAlgo::None => Ok(data.to_vec()),
-        };
+        }
-
-        Ok(buf)
     }
 
     pub async fn decompress_raw(
@@ -47,17 +55,17 @@ impl DefaultCompressor {
         data: &[u8],
         compress_algo: CompressorAlgo,
     ) -> Result<Vec<u8>, Error> {
-        let buf = match compress_algo {
+        match compress_algo {
-            CompressorAlgo::ZstdDefault => {
+            CompressorAlgo::ZstdDefault => DCTX_MAP.with(|map_cell| {
-                let mut o = ZstdDecoder::new(Vec::new());
+                let map = map_cell.borrow();
-                o.write_all(data).await?;
+                let mut ctx_entry = map.entry(compress_algo).or_default();
-                o.shutdown().await?;
+                let mut decoder = Decoder::with_context(data, ctx_entry.value_mut());
-                o.into_inner()
+                let mut output = Vec::new();
-            }
+                decoder.read_to_end(&mut output)?;
-            CompressorAlgo::None => data.to_vec(),
+                Ok(output)
-        };
+            }),
-
+            CompressorAlgo::None => Ok(data.to_vec()),
-        Ok(buf)
+        }
     }
 }
 
@@ -146,6 +154,11 @@ impl Compressor for DefaultCompressor {
     }
 }
 
+thread_local! {
+    static CTX_MAP: RefCell<DashMap<CompressorAlgo, CCtx<'static>>> = RefCell::new(DashMap::new());
+    static DCTX_MAP: RefCell<DashMap<CompressorAlgo, DCtx<'static>>> = RefCell::new(DashMap::new());
+}
+
 #[cfg(test)]
 pub mod tests {
     use super::*;
@@ -158,10 +171,21 @@ pub mod tests {
 
         let compressor = DefaultCompressor {};
 
+        println!(
+            "Uncompressed packet: {:?}, len: {}",
+            packet,
+            packet.payload_len()
+        );
+
         compressor
             .compress(&mut packet, CompressorAlgo::ZstdDefault)
             .await
             .unwrap();
+        println!(
+            "Compressed packet: {:?}, len: {}",
+            packet,
+            packet.payload_len()
+        );
         assert_eq!(packet.peer_manager_header().unwrap().is_compressed(), true);
 
         compressor.decompress(&mut packet).await.unwrap();

easytier/src/common/mod.rs

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ use std::{
     io::Write as _,
     sync::{Arc, Mutex},
 };
+use time::util::refresh_tz;
 use tokio::{task::JoinSet, time::timeout};
 use tracing::Instrument;
 
@@ -24,9 +25,7 @@ pub mod stun_codec_ext;
 pub fn get_logger_timer<F: time::formatting::Formattable>(
     format: F,
 ) -> tracing_subscriber::fmt::time::OffsetTime<F> {
-    unsafe {
+    refresh_tz();
-        time::util::local_offset::set_soundness(time::util::local_offset::Soundness::Unsound)
-    };
     let local_offset = time::UtcOffset::current_local_offset()
         .unwrap_or(time::UtcOffset::from_whole_seconds(0).unwrap());
     tracing_subscriber::fmt::time::OffsetTime::new(local_offset, format)

easytier/src/tunnel/packet_def.rs

@@ -234,7 +234,7 @@ pub struct AesGcmTail {
 }
 pub const AES_GCM_ENCRYPTION_RESERVED: usize = std::mem::size_of::<AesGcmTail>();
 
-#[derive(AsBytes, FromZeroes, Clone, Debug, Copy)]
+#[derive(AsBytes, FromZeroes, Clone, Debug, Copy, PartialEq, Hash, Eq)]
 #[repr(u8)]
 pub enum CompressorAlgo {
     None = 0,